1.The number of protons defines what element it is and also determines the chemical behavior of the element. ... Atomic symbol: The atomic symbol (or element symbol) is an abbreviation chosen to represent an element ("C" for carbon, "H" for hydrogen and "O" for oxygen, etc.).
2.An atom itself is made up of three tiny kinds of particles called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and the neutrons make up the center of the atom called the nucleus and the electrons fly around above the nucleus in a small cloud.
3.Electrons are one of three main types of particles that make up atoms. The other two types are protons and neutrons. Unlike protons and neutrons, which consist of smaller, simpler particles, electrons are fundamental particles that do not consist of smaller particles.
4.There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top. Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state.
5.Atoms are too small to be seen even with a microscope. Hence, in order to study how atoms are arranged in a substance, scientists use models to represent them. To show how atoms are arranged in substances, scientists use ball-and-stick models.Scientists use models to explain the properties of different substances
6.Bohr's model (1913)
Niels Bohr improved Rutherford's model. Using mathematical ideas, he showed that electrons occupy shells or energy levels around the nucleus. The Dalton model has changed over time because of the discovery of subatomic particles .
7.The modern model is also commonly called the electron cloud model. That's because each orbital around the nucleus of the atom resembles a fuzzy cloud around the nucleus, like the ones shown in the Figure below for a helium atom. The densest area of the cloud is where the electrons have the greatest chances of being.
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