Define the term electric flux write its si unit

Asked by admin @ 17/08/2021 in Physics viewed by 303 People

(a) Define electric flux. Write its S.I. Unit.

"Gauss's law in electrostatics is true for any closed surface, no matter what its shape of size is". Justify this statement with the help of a suitable example.
(b) Use Gauss's law to prove that electric field inside a uniformly charged spherical shell is zero.

Answered by admin @ 17/08/2021

Answer:

Electric flux is defined as the total number of electric field lines passing through an area normal to them. SI unit is Nm2/C. b) Gauss's theorem states that the total electric flux through a closed surface is equal to times the net charge enclosed by the surface.

Gauss's Law :

The total electric flux over a closed surface in vacuum is equal to 1/ε₀ the total charge enclosed by the surface.

if q is the charge enclosed by surface S, The total electric flux through the surface S is Φ=q/ε₀

while measuring the electric flux, surface area is more important than its volume or its size.

Example:

let us consider a closed surface S encloses a point charges +q1,-q2,+q3 and -q4, the total charge enclosed is q= q1-q2+q3-q4

∴electric flux across S will be Φ=q/ε₀=(q1-q2+q3-q4)/ε₀

The total electric flux is zero if no charge is enclosed by the surface.

conclusion:

The closed surface chosen for application of Gauss's law is called as Gaussian surface. It can be of any shape or size

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