What are the 4 types of operating system

Answer:

Types of Operating Systems

An Operating System performs all the basic tasks like managing file,process, and memory. Thus operating system acts as manager of all the resources, i.e. resource manager. Thus operating system becomes an interface between user and machine.

Types of Operating Systems: Some of the widely used operating systems are as follows-

1. Batch Operating System –

This type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. There is an operator which takes similar jobs having same requirement and group them into batches. It is the responsibility of operator to sort the jobs with similar needs.

Advantages of Batch Operating System:

It is very difficult to guess or know the time required by any job to complete. Processors of the batch systems know how long the job would be when it is in queue

Multiple users can share the batch systems

The idle time for batch system is very less

It is easy to manage large work repeatedly in batch systems

Disadvantages of Batch Operating System:

The computer operators should be well known with batch systems

Batch systems are hard to debug

It is sometime costly

The other jobs will have to wait for an unknown time if any job fails

Examples of Batch based Operating System: Payroll System, Bank Statements etc.

2. Time-Sharing Operating Systems –

Each task is given some time to execute, so that all the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets time of CPU as they use single system. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems. The task can be from single user or from different users also. The time that each task gets to execute is called quantum. After this time interval is over OS switches over to next task.

Advantages of Time-Sharing OS:

Each task gets an equal opportunity

Less chances of duplication of software

CPU idle time can be reduced

Disadvantages of Time-Sharing OS:

Reliability problem

One must have to take care of security and integrity of user programs and data

Data communication problem

Examples of Time-Sharing OSs are: Multics, Unix etc.

3. Distributed Operating System –

These types of operating system is a recent advancement in the world of computer technology and are being widely accepted all-over the world and, that too, with a great pace. Various autonomous interconnected computers communicate each other using a shared communication network. Independent systems possess their own memory unit and CPU. These are referred as loosely coupled systems or distributed systems. These system’s processors differ in size and function. The major benefit of working with these types of operating system is that it is always possible that one user can access the files or software which are not actually present on his system but on some other system connected within this network i.e., remote access is enabled within the devices connected in that network.

Advantages of Distributed Operating System:

Failure of one will not affect the other network communication, as all systems are independent from each other

Electronic mail increases the data exchange speed

Since resources are being shared, computation is highly fast and durable

Load on host computer reduces

These systems are easily scalable as many systems can be easily added to the network

Delay in data processing reduces

Disadvantages of Distributed Operating System:

Failure of the main network will stop the entire communication

To establish distributed systems the language which are used are not well defined yet

These types of systems are not readily available as they are very expensive. Not only that the underlying software is highly complex and not understood well yet

Examples of Distributed Operating System are- LOCUS etc.

4. Network Operating System –

These systems run on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. These type of operating systems allow shared access of files, printers, security, applications, and other networking functions over a small private network. One more important aspect of Network Operating Systems is that all the users are well aware of the underlying configuration, of all other users within the network, their individual connections etc. and that’s why these computers are popularly known as tightly coupled systems.

Advantages of Network Operating System:

Highly stable centralized servers

Security concerns are handled through servers

New technologies and hardware up-gradation are easily integrated to the system

Server access are possible remotely from different locations and types of systems

Disadvantages of Network Operating System:

Servers are costly

User has to depend on central location for most operations

Maintenance and updates are required regularly

Examples of Network Operating System are: Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, and BSD etc.

hope this helps you...