Non ionic solutes

Asked by maham237 @ 18/02/2021 in Chemistry viewed by 312 People

Solution a is a 1.0 m solution with a nonionic solute and water as the solvent. solution b is a 1.0 m solution with the same nonionic solute and ethanol as the solvent. which solution has the greatest increase in its boiling point (relative to the pure solvent)?

Answered by maham237 @ 18/02/2021

The solution of ethanol will have the greatest increase in boiling point.

The formula for boiling point elevation is:

Î”Tb = Kb Â· bB

where

Î”Tb = boiling point elevation

Kb = ebullioscopic constant for the solvent
bB = molarity of the solution

Since in the solute is nonionic, we don't have to worry about the molecules of the solute breaking up into multiple ions, thereby increasing the effective molarity of the solution. So which ever solvent has the highest ebullioscopic constant, will have the greatest increase in boiling point. This constant can be calculated by the equation:

Kb = RTb^2M/Î”Hv

where

R = Ideal gas constant

Tb = boiling point of pure solvent

M = Molar mass of solvent

Î”Hv = heat of vaporization per mole of solvent

For our purposes, we can ignore the idea gas constant, and instead look at only the boiling point, molar mass, and heat of vaporization. Then calculate Tb^2M/Î”Hv So let's do so:

(Note: Not bothering to be precise in molar mass. If the end result is close, then I'll bother. Otherwise, just using nice round numbers).

Water

Boiling point: 373.15 K

Molar mass: 18 g/mol

heat of vaporization: 40660 J/mol

Tb^2M/Î”Hv: 61.64

Ethanol

Boiling point: 351.52 K

Molar mass: 46 g/mol

heat of vaporization: 38600 J/mol

Tb^2M/Î”Hv: 147.26

The value of Tb^2M/Î”Hv is significantly greater for ethanol than it is for water (by more than 2 to 1), so it will have the greatest increase in boiling point.

Take any three non-collinear points a b c and draw triangle a,b,c. through each vertex of the triangle draw a line parallel to the opposite side using ruler and compass

Asked by wiki @ 15/11/2022 in Mathematics viewed by 1514 persons

Non ionic solutes

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